[Myopia or hyperopia?]. / Myopie nebo hypermetropie?

INTRODUCTION: The study describes cases of patients screened for worse vision and headaches. We are trying to point out we can measure minus diopters even at latent hypemetropes. These patients come to a doctor for a variety of problems that may be caused by inadequate correction of ametropia. It is necessary to know about this possibility, and rather perform cycloplegia in sporadic cases. METHODS: Patients were measured at autorefractometer without mydriasis, and then after using UNITROPIC 1% or CYCLOGYL 1%. Both of these substances induce cycloplegia. Visual acuity with the best correction was tested with and without cycloplegia. RESULTS: After cycloplegia, a significant change in both objective and subjective refraction was detected in most of the selected patients. This change was within the meaning of a shift to hyperopia. Subsequent adjustment correction led to resolving of problems. CONCLUSION: The work should highlight the necessity of an individual approach of prescription of the best correction. Not always an autorefractometer gives correct information, the real-needed correction is completely different in some cases.

[Bimanual irrigation/aspiration]. / Bimanuálna irigácia/aspirácia.

Bimanual irrigation/aspiration is a safe method for the removal of lenticular mass from the eye and can be used in some complicated cases. As it is a perfectly closed system, oscillation of the posterior capsule does not occur and this prevents prolapse of the vitreous body. If the pupil is narrow, the margin of the pupil can be shifted by means of the irrigation cannula and thus suction of the lenticular mass up to the equator is made possible. In subluxed lenses by gently pushing back the lenticular capsule its adherence to the aspiration cannula is prevented. It is relatively easy to clean the anterior lenticular capsule from epithelial cells by bimanual I/A.

[Comparison of corneal endothelial cells after ECCE and phacoemulsification of the lens]. / Porovnanie nálezu endoteliálnych buniek rohovky po ECCE a fakoemulzifikácii sosovky.

The authors evaluate the finding on the corneal endothelium before and after operation of cataract. For examination of the endothelium they used a specular microscope SP 1.000 of Topcon Co. The group comprised 64 eyes of 64 patients. The patients were divided at random into two groups. The first group comprised 26 patients, where ECCE was performed. The second group comprised 38 patients and the opaque lens was removed by phacoemulsification. The mean age in the first group was 69.3 years and in the second group 70.7 years. The same viscoelastic material (methylcellulose) was used and the same synthetic lens from PMMA material was implanted into the capsule. The endothelium was examined one day after operation and on the 7th to 10th day after operation. The following parameters were evaluated: density of the endothelial cells in the centre, mean cell size, polymegethism, coefficient of variation, pleomorphism. In the group of patients who had ECCE the loss of endothelial cells was 18.53%, in the group with phacoemulsification of the nucleus the loss was 16.43%. This difference is not statistically significant. After operation in both groups enlargement of the minimal, maximal as well as mean cell size was observed, the coefficient of variation increased while the grade of cell hexagonality decreased. However these differences in endothelial cells were not statistically significant. After operation of cataract not only endothelial cells are lost but also significant changes in cell morphology occur.

[Calculation of the assumed postoperative anterior chamber depth as an important factor in the calculation of optic power of the intraocular lens]. / Výpocet predpokladanej pooperacnej hlbky prednej komory ako dôlezitá súcast výpoctu optickej mohutnosti vnútroocnej sosovky.

The authors studied the possibility to use Binkhorst or Olsen formulas for the calculation of the assumed postoperation anterior chamber depth (ACD), or the necessity to develop their own formula. In the studied group, 25 eyes with implanted intraocular lens (IOL) of 720A type (Pharmacia) were included. No correlation was found between assumed postoperation ACD calculated according to Binkhorst and Olsen and the actual postoperation ACD (ACDpo). The authors have developed their own regression equation for the calculation of assumed ACDpo, where preoperation ACD (ACDpr) and lens thickness had been used as variables. Correlation coefficient of 0.5381 (P < 0.01) was found between assumed ACDpo calculated according to the authors' equation and the actual ACDpo. On the basis of the results achieved in the study, the authors propose that surgeons develop their own regression equations for the calculation of postoperation ACD.

[Planimetric characteristics of the optic papilla in relation to age]. / Planimetrické charakteristiky papily optiku vo vzt'ahu k veku.

Percentage relation of the neuroretinal rim area to the total optic disc area was examined planimetrically in relation to the age of 116 probands having no optic disease and divided into the age decades from 3 to 7. In 3rd decade percentage of the neuroretinal rim area was on average 90.26% (min. 81.2; max. 93.6 standard deviation 3,225). In 4th decade average area was 89.92% (min. 83.7; max. 96.5 standard deviation 3,494). In 5th decade average area of the neuroretinal rim area was 88.583% (min. 78.6; max. 95.5 standard deviation 4,496). In 7th decade average are was 82.448% (min. 73.8; max. 93.5 standard deviation 4,758). Significance of the value differences found by means of t-Student non-pair test: significant differences were found between the parametres in 3rd and 6th decades (p is less than 0.01); between 3rd and 7th decades (p is less than 0.001); between 4th and 6th decades (p is less than 0.01); between 4th and 7th decades (p is less than 0.001); between 5th and 7th age decades (p is less than 0.001) and between 6th and 7th age decades (p is less than 0.01). No significant differences were found between the parametres of the age decades 3 and 5, 3 and 4, 4 and 5, 6 and 7.

[Doppler ultrasonographic velocimetry of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein]. / Doppler-ultrasonografická velocitometria arteria centralis retinae a vena centralis retinae.

A blood flow rate in the arteria and vena centralis retinae was measured by Doppler-ultrasonographic method in a group of 36 patients of an average age of 59.35 years. The patients did not suffer any cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus-factors which influence the blood viscosity. In the arteria centralis retinae, there was measured a maximum systolic rate of 10.25 +/- 2.66 cm/s and a end diastolic rate of 5.24 +/- 1.27 cm/s. In the vena centralis retinae, there was measured an average maximum flow rate of 5.89 +/- 1.72 cm/s and end diastolic rate of 4.1 +/- 1.28 cm/s (minimum 2.12; maximum 6.2 cm/s). A procedure of examination and terms of its optimalisation are described there.